This approach is particularly useful in large class lectures. When you come to a natural break or transition point in your lecture, take a few moments and instruct the students to first think about what you have said; you might give them a question to consider to help focus them on the idea. Then, ask them to pair up with someone next to them and share their ideas with their partner.

Students work alone, then in pairs, in fours, and in larger groups. The benefits of this method include encouraging interaction among students, especially students who are reluctant to speak out in class.

The students work in pairs to solve a problem assigned to the class. One partner reads the problem and thinks aloud while the other listens  constantly checking for accuracy. The listener works alongside the problem-solver, understanding each step and asking for clarification where necessary. If the problem-solver makes a mistake, the listener points it out but does not correct it. The constant vocalization in this method is important because it shows students that there are many valid ways to reach the solution.

Facilitate development of study groups outside class. This helps students get to know each other so they feel more comfortable actively learning in class.